Enclosures, bracing and damping

Sealed and bass-reflex enclosures load a woofer differently. A bass-reflex port resonates, with tuning related to cabinet volume. Net volume must account for components and bracing.

Bracing reduces panel vibration; absorbent material reduces internal reflections and standing waves. They are not interchangeable. Damping may change losses and enclosure behaviour. Keep filling clear of ports and moving driver parts.